The worksheet has some questions, usually about the grammar, for each verse. I simply copy the sheet, add the Greek, and translate it there, answering the questions as applicable. Most of them that I didn't keep here were just grammar questions, though I did keep the parsing in each verse.
Mark 10:2-16
2 - Καὶ προσελθόντες Aorist Participle Active Nominative Masculine Plural Φαρισαῖοι ἐπηρώτων Imperfect Indicative Active 3rd Plural αὐτὸν εἰ ἔξεστιν Present Indicative Active 3rd Singular ἀνδρὶ γυναῖκα ἀπολῦσαι Aorist Infinitive Active πειράζοντες Present Ptc Active Nominative Masculine Plural αὐτόν.
And they, the Pharisees, came up to Him in order to test Him and began to question Him if is is right (proper) for a man to divorce a wife.
3 - ὁ δὲ ἀποκριθεὶς Aorist Participle Passive Nominative Masculine Singular εἶπεν αὐτοῖς· Τί ὑμῖν ἐνετείλατο Aorist Indicative Middle 3rd Singular Μωϋσῆς;
And He answered them: what did Moses command you?
By "Moses," Jesus undoubtedly meant what? (see BDAG 663-664): The Law given at Sinai, the Torah
4 - οἱ δὲ εἶπαν· Ἐπέτρεψεν Aorist Indicative Active 3rd Singular Μωϋσῆς βιβλίον ἀποστασίου γράψαι Aorist Infinitive Active καὶ ἀπολῦσαι Aorist Infinitive Active
And they said: Moses permitted (him) to write a document of divorce and send (her) away.
Matthew uses δοῦναι instead. What nuance does Mark emphasize with the use of ἐπιτρέπω (see BDAG, 384-385, 243.13)? This is “give” in more of “acquiescence” or allowing though in mild protest. What sense does βιβλίον convey here? (see BDAG, 176) It was a legal document.
5 - ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν αὐτοῖς· Πρὸς τὴν σκληροκαρδίαν Accusative Feminine Singular ὑμῶν ἔγραψεν Aorist Indicative Active 3rd Singluar ὑμῖν τὴν ἐντολὴν ταύτην·
But Jesus said to them: in accordance with the hardness of your heart he wrote you this commandment.
What case is πρός? Accusative How is it best translated (see BDAG 875 3.e)? “In accordance with”
6 - ἀπὸ δὲ ἀρχῆς κτίσεως ἄρσεν καὶ θῆλυ ἐποίησεν Aorist Indicative Active 3rd Singular αὐτούς·
But from (the) beginning of creation male and female God made them.
With what case is ἀπὸ used in this verse? Genitive What is the meaning of ἄρσεν καὶ θῆλυ? (see BDAG 135) "male and female"
7 - ἕνεκεν τούτου καταλείψει Future Indicative Active 3rd Singular ἄνθρωπος τὸν πατέρα αὐτοῦ καὶ τὴν μητέρα [καὶ προσκολληθήσεται Future Indicative Passive 3rd Singular πρὸς τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ,]
For this reason a man shall leave his father and mother [and join (stick) to his wife],
Look up προσκολληθήσεται (see BDAG, 881). What does its voice and meaning demonstrate about this type of union? Be faithfully devoted to, as in being wholly devoted and joined.
8 - καὶ ἔσονται Future Indicative Active (Deponent) 3rd Plural οἱ δύο εἰς σάρκα μίαν· ὥστε οὐκέτι εἰσὶν Present Indicative Active 3rd Plural δύο ἀλλὰ μία σάρξ·
And the two shall be (exist) in one flesh, so that no longer are they two but one person (children).
What is the case, number, gender of σάρξ? Nominative Singular Feminine The word σάρξ has multiple meanings. Which one is best here? (see BDAG, 915 2.a) Person, body (implied: children).
9 - ὃ οὖν ὁ θεὸς συνέζευξεν Aorist Indicative Active 3rd Singular ἄνθρωπος μὴ χωριζέτω Present Imperative Active 3rd Singular.
Therefore what God has yoked (joined, brought) together let no one separate.
What is the root συνέζευξεν (see BDAG, 954) of and its suffix? συν + ζευγνυμι ("connect, join") > ζευγος (yoke, team, pair) > ζυγος (yoke, scales) = yoke, balance scales (~ zygote) How does that inform our understanding of marriage? Partnership, Children Function of χωριζέτω especially considering the μὴ? (see Voelz, 201) Emphatic negation.
10 - Καὶ εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν πάλιν οἱ μαθηταὶ περὶ τούτου ἐπηρώτων Imperfect Indicative Active 3rd Plural αὐτόν.
And in the house again the disciples began questioning Him about this.
11 - καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς· Ὃς ἂν ἀπολύσῃ Aorist Subjunctive Active 3rd Singular τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ καὶ γαμήσῃ ἄλλην μοιχᾶται Present Indicative Middle 3rd Singular ἐπ’ αὐτήν,
And He said to them: whoever divorces his wife and marries another commits adultery against her
ὅς ἂν ἀπολύσῃ . . . γαμήσῃ . . . μοιχᾶται is equivalent to what type of conditional clause? (see Voelz, 181-183 and 248-251) ~ Present General What does this tell us about the nature of marriage? It is meant to be permanent in this life.
12 - καὶ ἐὰν αὐτὴ ἀπολύσασα Aorist Participle Active Nominative Feminine Singular τὸν ἄνδρα αὐτῆς γαμήσῃ Aorist Subjunctive Active 3rd Singular ἄλλον μοιχᾶται.
And if she divorces her husband and marries another she commits adultery.
ἔαν . . . γαμήσῃ . . . μοιχᾶται is equivalent to what type of conditional clause? (see Voelz, 248–250) Future more Vivid
13 - Καὶ προσέφερον Imperfect Indicative Active 3rd Plural αὐτῷ παιδία ἵνα αὐτῶν ἅψηται Aorist Subjunctive Middle 3rd Singular· οἱ δὲ μαθηταὶ ἐπετίμησαν Aorist Indicative Active 3rd Plural αὐτοῖς.
And they were bringing to Him children in order that He might touch them, but the disciples rebuked them
14 - ἰδὼν δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἠγανάκτησεν Aorist Indicative Active 3rd Singular καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς· Ἄφετε τὰ παιδία Accusative Neuter Plural ἔρχεσθαι πρός με, μὴ κωλύετε αὐτά, τῶν γὰρ τοιούτων ἐστὶν ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ.
But when Jesus saw this He was indignant and said to them: allow the little children to come to Me, do not hinder them for such as these is the kingdom of God
What are the possible meanings of παιδία? (see BDAG, 749) Young child (younger than 13).
15 - ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, ὃς ἂν μὴ δέξηται τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ ὡς παιδίον, οὐ μὴ εἰσέλθῃ Aorist Subjunctive Active 3rd Singular εἰς αὐτήν.
Truly I say to you, whoever does not receive the kingdom of God like a child, they will not enter it
With εἰσέλθῃ, what sort of grammatical construction is formed here? (see Voelz, 177) Emphatic denial.
16 - καὶ ἐναγκαλισάμενος Aorist Participle Middle Nominative Masculine Singular αὐτὰ κατευλόγει Imperfect Indicative Active 3rd Singular τιθεὶς Present Participle Active Nominative Masculine Singular τὰς χεῖρας ἐπ’ αὐτά.
And He took them and began blessing them, laying His hands on them
Translating verse 9, in particular, was quite fun. You can see that in the answer notes. The root of the word "yoked," συνέζευξεν (sunezeuxen), is ζευγνυμι (zeugnumi) plus the prefix συν (sun). [Long "oo" sound for the "U," and a "you" sound for the "EU"] The meaning of the root is "connect, or join." It is related to the word ζευγος (zeugos) meaning "yoke, team, pair." This is the "pair of oxen" that would pull a cart or plow as a team. The word yoke, ζυγος (zugos) also can mean "scales," as in a balance for measuring things as equal. If zugos sound familiar, that's because it is the origins of the word "zygote." So when Christ says "so that no longer are they two but one person" (ὥστε οὐκέτι εἰσὶν δύο ἀλλὰ μία σάρξ) He quite literally meant children. The word "person" in verse 8 is σάρξ (sarx), usually translated as body or flesh (like "sarcophagus"). But rendering it as "person" is similar to the "royal we." Husband and wife are implied to be a single entity, emotionally, legally, spiritually, and ultimately physically.
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